We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any siteyi Г§ek significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table 4 Connection anywhere between dowry/bride-to-be rate (repaid by in the-rules from sisters, other people on community and you may society) and wife’s updates in the marital house (OLS)
4.step three Talk and you may robustness monitors
For the choosing the brand new ladies status regarding relationship family, the end result of the net dowry (dowry minus bride speed) could possibly get number. Remember that the degree of deferred mehr is included individually out of the net dowry as former is never paid back unless of course splitting up occurs and cannot qualify property introduced on the relationship. The outcome advise that the newest assets produced into the ount) promote their own decision-and come up with electricity and you will independency. This type of positive connections commonly stunning because new associations from bride-to-be rate paid during relationships run avoid to help you that from dowry in the main estimations.
Maybe, a heightened decades or training variation you will damage new wife’s position regarding the relationship domestic. As well as ages difference and studies differences (substitution the husband’s age and you may education) does not impact the chief effects, while the coefficients of them details commonly high (Appendix Table nine, Committee B).
Brand new quote process try constant of the substitution dowry and you may bride to be rates with online dowry (Appendix Dining table nine, Committee A good)
You to definitely you will believe the amount of age since the matrimony is important because the end result out of dowry (or bride-to-be price) might be deeper appropriate relationship. And many years since the ount out of dowry (replacement female’s decades on relationships) magnifies the bottom effect of dowry inside ladies autonomy but minimizes their magnitude therefore the significance peak during the ladies decision-making (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee C). This simply means you to definitely more substantial dowry escalates the wife’s self-reliance for the the marital home after relationship; although not, the newest organization isn’t significantly impacted by this new passage of age just like the matrimony.
No measure of gender ideology is included in the main quote due to endogeneity concerns. One to might argue that introduction of these strategies can get weaken the newest association between dowry and you may ladies condition throughout the marital family. While we do not refuse the possibility that preferences and you may ideological viewpoints about the gender relations aren’t inherent and alter over the marital lives, the newest quote processes is regular because of the along with a couple of measures to have young buck preference: the initial varying means one to if wife’s finest amount of sons was higher than that daughters as well as the next means you to definitely when the wife would like to give degree so you can sons in place of in order to daughters. Handling for gender ideology will not significantly change the head quote efficiency (Appendix Desk 9, Committee D). Interestingly, women’s decision-making are positively with the son taste. However, it is negatively of the taste to possess providing degree to help you sons than daughters. A possible interpretation is the fact extremely experienced female can be against gender inequality inside the degree and become so much more energized in the relationship home but prefer which have much more sons than daughters. It looks consistent with some established training appearing one young man taste is more common among very educated female rather than uneducated female in Southern area Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).